Mt. Fuji and the Great Lakes

    There are five lakes connected with Yamanakako, Kawaguchiko, Sai-ko, Shoji-ko, and Lake Motosu from the east in the north foot of the Fuji volcano, and it is building Mt. Fuji and a beautiful scene. With lava, the valley between the north Misaka mountain land and Mt. Fuji is dammed up, and these lakes are made.
    A deep thing and the surface of a lake have a thing with an above sea level [, such as Lake Titicaca, Hachirogata, Hamanako, ] of 0 m like the Caspian Sea in the lake in the world like Lake Baikal in what has a big area, and depth of water.
    The activity which spouts a lot of lava is about 10,000 years ago, and it is said that it was dammed up by the lava and the Oshino lake, Kawaguchiko, Senoumi, and Lake Motosu were made.
A lot of lava was flowed out of the Nagao mountain of the Mt. Fuji northwest foot, and Senoumi was divided to Sai-ko and Shoji-ko.
    Sai-ko, Shoji-ko, and Lake Motosu have the almost the same orthometric height of the surface of a lake. It will cool rapidly, if hot lava enters into water, and it becomes lava.
That lava becomes clod-like, and it lets between a clod and clods pass, and is considered because these three lakes are connected.
    Although there is the lake of Tanzu in the Mt. Fuji foot in addition to the Five Lakes of Mount Fuji, this is the lake dammed up on the artificial bank.
    Most of the water of a lake is springwater. The area in which the water of the Five Lakes of Mount Fuji is brought together is the ground which is easy to let the water covered with the grit of Mt. Fuji pass, and the rain which fell sinks into the ground, without flowing through the ground, serves as groundwater, and it is gushing and making it into the bottom of a lake.
     The area of Yamanakako is the 5 Konaka maximum and is a place which is one of the altitude of about 1,000 m, and high places, and is coolly popular as a summer resort also in summer.
    Kawaguchiko is opened as a tourist resort for many years, and is busy places standing in a row, such as a hotel.
    Sai-ko is deep after Lake Motosu, and the west side is a quiet lake contiguous to Aokigahara.
    Shoji-ko is the smallest lake among five lakes.
    Lake Motosu is the deepest lake among five lakes, and transparency is also 12.7 m and a beautiful high lake.

an economy of Mt.Fuji

    Although every year 20 million tourists came just by now to Mt. Fuji and the Five Lakes of Mount Fuji and I was in the limelight as a global tourist resort, Mt. Fuji was a mountain still seen from a distance, and the Taisho last stage 80 years ago was a very rare time except what a mountaineer also visits as a mountain of summer faith of a Buddhist ascetic in white.

    Those days, Japanese, an American, and Europeans are the main tourists and people of the other countries did not come. However, now, tourist's kind has also been changing in connection with development of Asian nations, or developing countries' economic development.

    However, subjects, such as a problem of urination and a problem of garbage, are also held with the increase in tourists.
    Moreover, these days, the popular Mt. Fuji sightseeing has received the blow in the Chinese tourist according to aggravation of the Japan-China relations involving the Senkaku Islands (Okinawa Prefecture). A sight of Chinese people was no longer caught hardly at the tourist season midst, and a tourist's scramble has also started in the hotel.
   
     In Fuji and the eastern part area region in Yamanashi Prefecture which tourist resorts, such as Mt. Fuji and the Five Lakes of Mount Fuji, concentrate, a 17 million 25 million people tourist per year visits. 87,510 Chinese stayed in the prefecture in the conclusion of the Japan Tourism Agency last year when an earthquake disaster was also.
    Chinese people's figure disappeared after the Senkaku Islands nationalization by the Japanese government.

    Mt. Fuji has springwater abundantly and is famous for natural water.
The subsoil water which makes Mt. Fuji a source is used, and the paper industry and the manufacturing industry are performed actively in the surrounding area. Moreover, since the subsoil water of Mt. Fuji contains vanadium abundantly, it is sold as mineral water. Moreover, the tourist partner's tourist business is also performed actively.    

a variety of Mt.Fuji

    Mt. Fuji is a big stratovolcano made with basalt, and is born about 100,000 years ago at the foot of senkomitake volcano and komitake volcano.   It carried out and has formed the present beautiful cone by the eruptive activity covering two generations, kofuji and sinfuji .In Mt. Fuji which is proud of the No.1 height of Japan, an "alpine belt" to the "lowlands belt" forms the brilliant vegetable distribution which changes with height.
    Moreover, many animals inhabit Mt. Fuji in spite of severe natural environment.
If it results in a wild bird, almost all the birds distributed over Chubu District inhabit the Mt. Fuji foot.

From the left, fujihatazao,nihonkamosika,hosigarasu
   

    The abundant and good groundwater which Mt. Fuji produces is used for many years as the domestic non-commercial water of people at the foot of a mountain, and water for agricultural use, and has played the large role also in development of industry, such as paper manufacture, chemistry, and an electronic device, in recent years.
    About 2,500 million tons per year of rain and snow fall, and if evapotranspiration is taken into consideration, to store water with an amount of Japanese of about 5,330,000 tons as groundwater is considered by Mt. Fuji.

 Kakida River springwater

    I would like to introduce the scene hung down even if a season and environment united with Mt. Fuji from now on.
    This is diamond Fuji.


    Diamond Fuji is a phenomenon in which the summit-of-the-mountain part and the sun of Mt. Fuji overlap. Since the sun looks beautiful like a diamond, it is said that it came to be called like this.
    It can observe several days . several weeks per year only at the place where certain conditions, such as an angle and distance, are fulfilled.
    The chances of observation are sunrise (diamond going up) and sunset (sinking diamond). Diamond Fuji in Fujikawa-cho is sunrise, i.e., the diamond going up.

    This is sakasa fuji.


    Yamakage reflected in the form in which Mt. Fuji carried out flip vertical to the water surface is so beautiful that he does not become language.
It is said that it loves from the beautiful figure to Japanese people more least recently.
    It is the scenery seen when the surface of a lake drops off, and the water surface is quiet and the state where there is no wave is reflected more distinctly.

    Finally he wants to introduce the most favorite scene. It is benifuji which is Mt. Fuji dyed the morning sun red.


    This is Mt. Fuji which was compared with the morning sun and dyed red by winter limitation where Mt. Fuji is covered with snow, and has held interest and surprise at the place always dyed Mt. Fuji where blue Mt. Fuji is red.

an etymology of Mt.Fuji

     It is called "Fujisan" why and it is wrapped in the veil of the mystery whether it come to write it as "Mt. Fuji." But at least many books of the solution of a riddle are published, and there is no established theory.
 
     First, why does it pronounce with "Fuji"? Various opinions which turn down "Fuji" which points out a slope and hanging down in "Buji" and the ancient Japanese which "Bu" which means fire in "Funci", "Buji", and Korean which point out the mountain of fire in Ainu language, "Buru".
  
    Next, why does it write it as "Fuji"? It is written to the account of the Hitachi national ground of the Nara period which appears first by record as "Fukuji."
It is a little behind and appears in the Ten Thousand Leaves by an "endless mountain", " Fujinoutakamine", and "Fujinoumine."
The early stages of the Heian period become the beginning being written as "Fuji."
   
    In addition, it is written as "non-death (perpetual youth and longevity)", "Fuji (there is nothing with two)", etc. A mental climate also has many opinions which ask for the origin. The ageless legendary-hermit-with-miraculous-power thought, the descent-of-the-emperor-from-the-gods tradition of Niniginomikotowhich are symbolized by Moon Princess's tale and Jyofuku tradition.
  
     Furthermore, there is also an idea of connecting to the Asama shrine faith which deified tree Hanasaki Torihime which suppresses fire.
A view that especially Chinese legendary-hermit-with-miraculous-power thought is concerned deeply is strong. It is being written that "why Mt. Fuji is FUJI Sun" was unified into "Mt. Fuji" in process of national formation of ancient Japan.
One more, a thing opinion with sufficient local Yamanashi .
"Reading" and "worth" of "the country in   Suruga of   worth of raw reading which country   Shoots and acts as Yadorigi" which appears also in the Ten Thousand Leaves are connected with "Mr. Fuji." "Reading" is "Kousui (the dead's country)."A "paddle" has a meaning of an egg. The country of worth is an ageless legendary hermit's with miraculous power ground, and was considered to be "a ground where the dead revive." They say that Seirei which touches a boundary was positioned in the country as a mountain of "non-death" and "a revival."
   
    Moreover, also in this way, it is told. The old man of Taketori and the old man called found the lovely girl out of the bamboo at a certain time.
When raised with its wife, the girl grew up to be a beautiful princess who emits a wonderful light from the body.
   
    Although five persons' Tokyo young noble proposed, the princess told on the difficult problem and young nobles have been frustrated one after another.
Although Mikado heard this rumor and took out usage to the princess's basis soon, the princess told that she was a person of the lunar world.
The day when a princess returns to the lunar world at last came on.
   
    Although Mikado dispatches many armers and tried to protect a princess, it is made aghast and can take out no hands. The princess gave the old man of Taketori the medicine , a pile, and non-death, and has ridden and returned to the vehicle of the moon. If a princess stops an old man having and it is resolute into this world, the medicine of non-death will have been burned in the alp in Suruga.
   
    Then, smoke comes to rise from the summit of the mountain, and it came to call the mountain "non-death."

relation to earthquake

    The relevance of the eruption of Mt. Fuji and the big earthquake in a neighboring area is pointed out by many researchers. Although the example which the Kanto earthquake and the Tokai earthquake which occur in the eruption of Mt. Fuji and the subduction zone in the Philippine Sea Plate approached in time, and generated is seen past several times, especially remarkable things are the 1703 Genroku Kanto earthquake and the 1707 Houei Tokai earthquake, and the Houei eruption in December, 1707.
    According to the place made clear from history record, just behind the Genroku earthquake in 1703, shake is observed in Mt. Fuji, and it is thought that the magma directly under Mt. Fuji went up to the quite shallow portion, and generated swarm earthquakes.
   Subsequently, the Houei eruption has taken place 49 days after the occurrence of the Houei earthquake on October 28, 1707.
    On the other hand, the example which was not connected also has the occurrence of a big earthquake in activity activity of Mt. Fuji, and the Tonankai earthquake of Showa, etc. are mentioned.
    In March, 2003 (Heisei 15), the Central Disaster Prevention Council announced that the amount of damage of the Tokai earthquake includes the indirect damage caused by cutting into pieces of traffic, etc. of 26 trillion yen only owing to direct damage with 37 trillion yen.
    However, when sudden fall and sliding land price of a national bond and a stock, the downturn of mental consumption, the rise of a premium rate, etc. are added, there is also trial calculation of 56 trillion yen.
The price of a national budget of Japan of tax revenues is about 40 trillion yen of the half but about 80 trillion yen.
    The remaining most are government bond issuance and a debt request, and, in a country and the self-governing body of 700 trillion yen or more in all, there is the total debt amount.
Compared with advanced nations doing suitable fiscal management for 90 percent of budget order depending on tax revenues, it is a surprising debt hell power.
Probably, at most 50 trillion yen of sensible budget constructs are a limit.
The damage of the Tokai earthquake is equal to an entire national budget suitable for national power of Japan.
    Although it is serious damage, a possibility of not finishing it as this in fact is high.
Previous assessment of damage is because the influence of the damage and the damage caused by rumors of a nuclear power plant, and the Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes and the Fuji volcanic eruption the danger of the Tokai earthquake and linkage is indicated to be is excepted.
    There is no example which a Tonankai earthquake did not merge to the past Tokai earthquake, and there is also no example in which an Nankai earthquake was not interlocked with a Tonankai earthquake. Moreover, many volcanologists think that the Fuji volcano carries out an activity resume by the following Tokai earthquake.
    The zone which extends from the Suruga bay "Suruga trough" and the "Nankai Trough" to the offing of Shikoku is a place which must look out for a big earthquake most in Japan.
The earthquake called the Tokai earthquake, a Tonankai earthquake, and an Nankai earthquake at intervals of 90 to about 150 years has generated this zone.
Although this "Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai earthquake" has the epicentral area different, respectively, it is a fearful earthquake which may chain and occur.
    Since it is an earthquake which will certainly occur in the near future, careful cautions and measure are required.
    Next, let's see the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai earthquake which occurred in the past. The Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai earthquake in 1707 It is the greatest earthquake that was called the Houei earthquake and occurred in Japan.
Magnitude 8.4 on the Richter scale. It shifted all at once, and the plate from the offing of Tokai to the offing of Shikoku is wide range, and caused the catastrophic disaster.
    The dead reached collapse of 20,000 or more people and a house 60,000 or more. Mt. Fuji has also erupted according to this earthquake. The Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai earthquake in 1854 It is called Tokai and the Nankai earthquake of Ansei. Magnitude 8.4 on the Richter scale.
    The Nankai earthquake occurred 32 hours after the Tokai earthquake.
The dead are the earthquake which was serious.
The Nankai earthquake of magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred two years after the Tonankai earthquake of Tonankai-and-Nankai-earthquakes magnitude 6.8 on the Richter scale in 1944-1946. The dead amount to 2500 or more persons, and are the earthquake which were as for damage, such as a fire.
    Aren't some noticed from this?
Although the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai earthquake occurs at intervals of 90 to about 150 years, the Tokai earthquake has not occurred in the earthquake of 1944.
    Saying is a situation which is not wonderful, whenever 150 years or more will already have passed and it may carry out the Tokai earthquake occurrence, after the last Tokai earthquake occurs.
From it being an earthquake massive in the past in the same epicentral area, the Tokai earthquake is predicted to be seismic intensity of seven or more in the wide range, and the damage beyond a Kobe earthquake is assumed.

as a volcano

 Whenever Mt. Fuji which is an active volcano erupts, people have had the life threatened. It has been quiet since the eruption in 1707, development at the foot of a mountain progresses, and citizens are increasing in number. The damage caused by the next eruption is anxious. I do not develop Mt. Fuji but think that beautiful nature should be placed without attaching a hand as it is. It is said that it is 3 million years ago that the prototype of Mt. Fuji appeared.
  The outskirts of Mt. Fuji before that are still a marine bottom, and there was just a Pacific wave. It seems that  Akaishi Mountain landstands in a row north at Osaka Mountain land, and stood in a row in Tanzawa　Mountain land　and the west east when the situation around Mt. Fuji of 5 million years ago was seen in literature.Thus, since it was born from the marine bottom, there are no mountains close, and Mt. Fuji could become independent Mine. Mt. Fuji is located in four plate boundaries, the Pacific plate, a Philippine plate, North American Plate, besides the Eurasia plate. Therefore, huge energy is conserved from underground and it spouts on the ground. That is, it is an eruption. Asitaka volcano and  Komitake volcano began activity 400,000 years ago. It means that two volcanoes were born at the place different from the position of the present Mt. Fuji crater.
  Days and months passed, two volcanoes stopped activity, and the Kofuji volcano started activity between the grounds which both volcanoes generated.The lava of Mt. Fuji has good mobility and is suitable for forming a conical volcano. The lava flow and volcanic ashes are accumulated on the foundation of  Asitaka volcano and Komitake volcano, and Mt. Fuji obtains the altitude. This is a reason that Mt. Fuji became high. The Kofuji volcano repeats an explosive eruption and it is said that the altitude also became about 3,000 m.
  The eruption of the Shinfuji volcano began from the summit of the mountain of the Kofuji volcano. It is the beginning of the eruption which forms present Mt. Fuji. The eruption of the Shinfuji volcano was a volcano which passes a lava flow unlike the eruption of the Kofuji volcano. It is said that Mt. Fuji will be a volcano of adolescence if it says by man. The eruption of forms various also in the past has been repeated. The eruption of the last of about 300 years ago was a Burukano type eruption which does not pour lava. Now, a hazard map of Mt. Fuji is created and it is appealing for cautions to the local resident.
  How does that the last eruption was a Burukano type influence future eruption anticipation? Houei eruption took place in 1707. This eruption was a characteristic eruption, such as starting 49 days after Houei earthquake which is the greatest earthquake in Japan, and dropping a lot of volcanic ashes.  After the major volcanic eruption of Houei, although there was no large-scale volcanic activity in Mt. Fuji, gas emission activities were behind. Now, gas emission activities are not accepted near the summit of the mountain.  Present Mt. Fuji has become silent from the eruption of Houei in about 300.There is no record of an eruption 400 years or more from 1083 till 1511.     Moreover, Houei eruption or later in 1707 does not erupt for about 300 years, but the peaceful state continues.

literature of Mt.Fuji

  By what kind of thought did Japanese people look at Mt. Fuji with various expression in this way, and how spelled the thought by means of language? In Mt. Fuji, the figure has been expressed by many poets and great writers for many years.Moreover, Mt. Fuji has started the major volcanic eruption at the Heian period and the Edo period, and the situation of the eruption of Mt. Fuji is recorded on  taketorimonogatari and saracinaniki in early stages of the Heian period. For example, in manyousyu, many famous haiku poems by Mr.Yamabe is stored.The literature of Mt. Fuji has been handed down from Manyou Era to Showa Era. It is said that there are 11 things which composed Mt. Fuji in the oldest anthology "manyousyu" in Japan made at the Nara period according to a report.The haiku poems of  Mr. Yamabe Akato is famous. As for the special feature of this time, there are many similar haiku poems. Mr. Yamabe Akato is a poet who represents the manyousyu along with Mr.Kakimoto Hitomaro. It played an active part in early stages of the Heijokyo period after Mr.Kakimoto Hitomaro. Mr. Yamabe Akato was excellent in the formal long poem and the lyrical Japanese poem of 31 syllables. The haiku poem by which  Mr. Yamabe was loved most was a haiku poem showing famous Fuji. And the haiku poem dealing with flowers and birds was also famous. He is the poet to whom Mr.Kakimoto expressed man's sensitivity with the different image freely. 
   Mr. Basho Matsuo has dealt with Mt. Fuji to the Edo period. As a phrase of Basho in connection with Fuji,  kirisigurefuji in nozarasikikou is famous.  Mr. Basho Matsuo is known as first great writer in the history of a haiku poem. Basho's haiku poem is dramatic and expressed a trouble and illusion in the work. Moreover, seasonal words and phrases are contained and deepness is felt. Mr.Wakayama Bokusui is in Fuji seen from Meiji Era to the literature of Taisho Era. He is one person who did whole life love of Mt. Fuji which can be called Japan itself. There is Mr. Dazaiosamu as Mt. Fuji seen to the literature of Showa. Mr.Dazaiosamu is famous for having drawn Fugakuhyatukei. Mt. Fuji can be watching from very various physical angles or a mental situation. It is a work which it cannot overlook easily that Dazaiosamu's suffering is becoming invisible from time to time suddenly in the life which faces Mt. Fuji. Moreover, seemingly, he seldom summoned the thing of Fuji which can be overlooked from the　Tenkajyaya　of the Misaka peak to mind.From the above thing, Mt. Fuji has been made into a haiku poem by all times.
  Mt. Fuji which appears in a literary work has shown various figures with long history.Moreover, besides it, it might be expressed as a symbol of the love with which the smoke of an eruption burns, and might be drawn as a symbol of wild nature or a desire in a democratic symbol and the postwar period in modernization.